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Ball Screw Selection Guide — Load, Accuracy & Life Calculation

How to choose a MOSIONX ball screw: 5-step selection, life formula L=(Ca/P)^3×10^6 rev, lead vs speed, rigidity and DN limit, and the right series for your machine.

1. Ball screw selection in 5 steps

  1. Define the load. Work out the maximum axial force F (kgf or N) including acceleration, friction and the weight of the moved mass. The dynamic load rating Ca is the key number on the datasheet.
  2. Define travel and speed. Required stroke (mm) and top feed speed (mm/min) set the lead I and the screw length. Speed v = lead I × rpm.
  3. Define accuracy. Pick the grade by the machine's positioning tolerance — C7/C10 for general automation, C5 for machining centres, C3 for measuring / semiconductor equipment.
  4. Check the environment. Dust, coolant, high temperature or clean-room duty decide sealing, lubrication and material (stainless / coated).
  5. Match the support unit. Choose the fixed (BK) + supported (BF) ends by shaft diameter; verify the bearing speed rating.

2. Core formulas

Rated life (revolutions):

L = (Ca / P)^3 × 10^6 revolutions

where Ca is the dynamic load rating (kgf) and P the equivalent axial load (kgf). In operating hours: Lh = L × 10^6 / (60 × rpm). For a life target of, say, 20,000 h and a known load, solve for the required Ca.

Feed speed:

v = I (mm/rev) × rpm (mm/min)

DN limit: keep shaft diameter d (mm) × rpm below the manufacturer's DN ceiling (typically 70,000–150,000 for rolled, lower when heavily preloaded). Exceeding it causes heat and noise.

Rigidity: axial rigidity (kgf/µm) rises with preload; a double-nut preloaded screw is stiffer but has higher friction torque.

3. Common series

SeriesCharacteristicTypical use
SFUGeneral-purpose, rolled, cost-effective3D printers, automation, transfer
SFA / SFBSFB is the upgraded SFA (same dimensions, interchangeable), end-cap circulationCNC feed, high-speed
SFV / SFYHigh-lead / high-thrust variantsLong-stroke transfer
XSKMiniature precisionMedical, optics, micro-mechanisms
BSHRRoller / heavy-load typeInjection, stamping, heavy transfer

SFA and SFB share mounting dimensions — match by structure and shaft/lead, not just the name.

4. Online selector

Use the selector to filter by shaft diameter, lead, grade and nut shape, then open the CAD / 3D drawing for the exact model.

5. Related technical guides

Dig deeper into accuracy, mounting torque and fault finding: